查看完整版本: SINGAPORE Patent Act -新加坡共和国专利法（英文）

SINGAPORE Patent Act -新加坡共和国专利法（英文）

SINGAPORE Patent Act

　　as amended by No.40 on November 18, 1995

　　ENTRY INTO FORCE: January 1, 1996

　　Part I Preliminary

　　1.Short title and commencement.

　　(1) This Act may be cited as the Patents Act 1994 and shall come into operation on such date as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, appoint.

　　(2) The Minister may appoint different dates for the coming into operation of the different Parts or provisions of this Act.

　　2.Interpretation.

　　(1) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires

　　"appointed day", in any provision of this Act, means the date appointed under section 1 for the coming into operation of that provision;

　　"Convention on International Exhibitions" means the Convention relating to International Exhibitions signed in Paris on 22nd November 1928, as amended or supplemented by any protocol to that convention which is for the time being in force;

　　"court" means the High Court;

　　"date of filing", in relation to

　　(a) an application for a patent made under this Act, means the date of fling that application by virtue of section 26; and

　　(b) any other application, means the date which under the law of the country where the application was made or in accordance with the terms of a treaty or convention to which that country is a party, is to be treated as the date of filing that application in that country or is equivalent to the date of filing an application in that country (whatever the outcome of the application);

　　"designate", in relation to an application or a patent means designate the country or countries (in pursuance of the Patent Cooperation Treaty) in which protection is sought for the invention which is the subject of the application or patent;

　　"employee" means a person who works or (where the employment has ceased) worked under a contract of employment or in employment under or for the purposes of a Government department;

　　"employer", in relation to an employee, means the person by whom the employee is or was employed;

　　"European Patent Convention" means the Convention on the Grant of European Patents;

　　"European Patent Office" means the office of that name established by the European Patent Convention;

　　"Examiner" means such person, organisation or foreign or international patent office or organisation as may be prescribed to whom the Registrar may refer questions relating to patents, including search and examination of applications for patents;

　　"exclusive licence" means a licence from the proprietor of or applicant for a patent conferring on the licensee, or on him and persons authorised by him, to the exclusion of all other persons (including the proprietor or applicant), any right in respect of the invention to which the patent or application relates, and "exclusive licensee" and "non-exclusive licence" shall be construed accordingly;

　　"filing fee" means the fee prescribed for the purposes of section 25:

　　"formal requirements" means those requirements designated as such by rules made for the purposes of section 28;

　　"international application for a patent" means an application made under the Patent Cooperation Treaty;

　　"international application for a patent (Singapore)" means an application of that description which, on its date of filing, designates Singapore;

　　"International Bureau" means the secretariat of the World Intellectual Property Organization established by a convention signed at Stockholm on 14th July 1967;

　　"international exhibition" means an official or officially recognised international exhibition falling within the terms of the Convention on International Exhibitions or falling within the terms of any subsequent treaty or convention replacing that convention;

　　"inventor", in relation to an invention, means the actual deviser of the invention and "joint inventor" shall be construed accordingly;

　　"journal" has the same meaning as in section 115(4);

　　"mortgage", when used as a noun, includes a charge for securing money or money’’s worth and, when used as a verb, shall be construed accordingly;

　　"Paris Convention" means the Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property signed at Paris on 20th March 1883;

　　"patent" means a patent under this Act and includes a patent in force by virtue of section 117(3);

　　"Patent Cooperation Treaty" means the treaty of that name signed at Washington on 19th June 1970;

　　"patented invention" means an invention for which a patent is granted and "patented process" shall be construed accordingly;

　　"patented product" means a product which is a patented invention or, in relation to a patented process, a product obtained directly by means of the process or to which the process has been applied;

　　"person" includes the Government;

　　"priority date" means the date determined as such under section 17;

　　"published" means made available to the public (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) and a document shall be taken to be published under any provision of this Act if it can be inspected as of right at any place in Singapore by members of the public, whether on payment of a fee or not; and "republished" shall be construed accordingly;

　　"register", when used as a noun, means the register of patents kept under section 42 and, when used as a verb, means, in relation to any thing, to register or register particulars, or enter notice, of that thing in the register and, when used in relation to a person, means to enter his name in the register;

　　"registered patent agent" means a person whose name is entered in the register of patent agents kept in accordance with the rules made under section 104;

　　"Registrar" means the Registrar of Patents and includes any Deputy Registrar of Patents holding office under this Act;

　　"Registry" means the Registry of Patents established under this Act;

　　"right", in relation to any patent or application, includes an interest in the patent or application and, without prejudice to the foregoing, any reference to a right in a patent includes a reference to a share in the patent;

　　"scientific adviser" means any person with any scientific qualification, any medical practitioner, engineer, architect, surveyor, accountant, actuary and any other specially skilled person.

　　(2) Rules may provide for stating in the journal that an exhibition falls within the definition of international exhibition in subsection (1) and any such statement shall be conclusive evidence that the exhibition falls within that definition.

　　(3) For the purposes of this Act, a matter shall be taken to have been disclosed in any relevant application within the meaning of section 17 or in the specification of a patent if it was either claimed or disclosed (otherwise than by way of disclaimer or acknowledgment of prior art) in that application or specification.

　　(4) References in this Act to an application for a patent, as filed, are references to such an application in the state it was on the date of filing.

　　(5) References in this Act to an application for a patent being published are references to its being published under section 27.

　　(6) References in this Act to the Paris Convention or the Patent Cooperation Treaty are references to that convention or any other international convention or agreement replacing it, as amended or supplemented by any convention or international agreement (including in either case any protocol or annex) to which Singapore is a party, or in accordance with the terms of any such convention or agreement and include references to any instrument made under any such convention or agreement.

　　(7) The Arbitration Act shall not apply to any proceedings before the Registrar under this Act.

　　3.Application to Government.

　　This Act shall bind the Government.

　　Part II Administration

　　4.Registrar of Patents and other officers.

　　(1) There shall be a Registrar of Patents who shall have the chief control of the Registry of Patents.

　　(2) There shall be one or more Deputy Registrars of Patents who shall, subject to the control of the Registrar, have all the powers and functions of the Registrar under this Act, other than the powers of the Registrar under section 5.

　　(3) There shall be one or more Assistant Registrars of Patents.

　　(4) The Registrar and all the other officers under this section shall be appointed by the Minister.

　　5.Delegation by Registrar.

　　(1) The Registrar may, in relation to a particular matter or class of matters, by writing under his hand, delegate all or any of his powers or functions under this Act (except this power of delegation) to an Assistant Registrar of Patents or any public officer so that the delegated powers and functions may be exercised by the delegate with respect to the matter or class of matters specified in the instrument of delegation.

　　(2) A delegation under this section is revocable at will and no delegation shall prevent the exercise of a power or function by the Registrar or by any Deputy Registrar of Patents.

　　6.Registry of Patents.

　　For the purposes of this Act, there shall be an office which shall be known as the Registry of Patents.

　　7.Seal of Registry.

　　There shall be a seal of the Registry and impressions of the seal shall be judicially noticed.

　　8.Powers of Registrar.

　　The Registrar may, for the purposes of this Act

　　(a) summon witnesses;

　　(b) receive evidence on oath, whether orally or otherwise;

　　(c) require the production of documents or articles; and

　　(d) award costs against a party to proceedings before him.

　　9.Disobedience to summons an offence.

　　(1) A person who has been summoned to appear as a witness before the Registrar shall not, without lawful excuse, fail to appear in obedience to the summons.

　　(2) A person who has been required by the Registrar to produce a document or article shall not, without lawful excuse, fail to produce the document or article.

　　(3) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) or (2) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

　　10.Refusal to give evidence an offence.

　　(1) A person who appears before the Registrar shall not, without lawful excuse, refuse to be sworn or to make an affirmation, or to produce documents or articles, or to answer questions, which he is lawfully required to produce or answer.

　　(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

　　11.Officers not to traffic in inventions.

　　(1) An officer or person employed in the Registry shall not buy, sell, acquire or traffic in an invention or patent, whether granted in Singapore or elsewhere, or in a right to, or licence under, a patent, whether granted in Singapore or elsewhere.

　　(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

　　(3) A purchase, sale, acquisition, assignment or transfer made or entered into in contravention of this section is void.

　　(4) This section shall not apply to the actual inventor or to an acquisition by bequest or devolution in law.

　　12.Officers not to furnish information.

　　(1) An officer or person employed in the Registry shall not, except when required or authorised by this Act, or under a direction in writing of the Registrar or by order of a court

　　(a) furnish information on a matter which is being, or has been, dealt with under this Act;

　　(b) prepare, or assist in the preparation of, a document required or permitted by or under this Act to be lodged in the Registry; or

　　(c) conduct a search in the records of the Registry.

　　(2) Any person who contravenes subsection (1) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $2,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months or to both.

　　Part III Patentability

　　13.Patentable inventions.

　　(1) Subject to subsection (3), a patentable invention is one that satisfies the following conditions:

　　(a) the invention is new;

　　(b) it involves an inventive step; and

　　(c) it is capable of industrial application.

　　(2) [Deleted]

　　(3) An invention the publication or exploitation of which would be generally expected to encourage offensive, immoral or anti-social behaviour is not a patentable invention.

　　(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), behaviour shall not be regarded as offensive, immoral or anti-social only because it is prohibited by any law in force in Singapore.

　　(5) [Deleted]

　　14.Novelty.

　　(1) An invention shall be taken to be new if it does not form part of the state of the art.

　　(2) The state of the art in the case of an invention shall be taken to comprise all matter (whether a product, a process, information about either, or anything else) which has at any time before the priority date of that invention been made available to the public (whether in Singapore or elsewhere) by written or oral description, by use or in any other way.

　　(3) The state of the art in the case of an invention to which an application for a patent or a patent relates shall be taken also to comprise matter contained in an application for another patent which was published on or after the priority date of that invention, if the following conditions are satisfied:

　　(a) that matter was contained in the application for that other patent both as filed and as published; and

　　(b) the priority date of that matter is earlier than that of the invention.

　　(4) For the purposes of this section, the disclosure of matter constituting an invention shall be disregarded in the case of a patent or an application for a patent if occurring later than the beginning of the period of 12 months immediately preceding the date of filing the application for the patent and either

　　(a) the disclosure was due to, or made in consequence of, the matter having been obtained unlawfully or in breach of confidence by any person

　　(i) from the inventor or from any other person to whom the matter was made available in confidence by the inventor or who obtained it from the inventor because he or the inventor believed that he was entitled to obtain it; or

　　(ii) from any other person to whom the matter was made available in confidence by any person mentioned in sub-paragraph (i) or in this sub-paragraph or who obtained it from any person so mentioned because he or the person from whom he obtained it believed that he was entitled to obtain it;

　　(b) the disclosure was made in breach of confidence by any person who obtained the matter in confidence from the inventor or from any other person to whom it was made available, or who obtained it, from the inventor;

　　(c) the disclosure was due to, or made in consequence of, the inventor displaying the invention at an international exhibition and the applicant states, on filing the application, that the invention has been so displayed and also, within the prescribed period, files written evidence in support of the statement complying with any prescribed conditions; or

　　(d) the disclosure was due to, or made in consequence of, the inventor describing the invention in a paper read by him or another person with his consent or on his behalf before any learned society or published with his consent in the transactions of any learned society.

　　(5) For the purpose of subsection (4)(d), "learned society" includes any club or association constituted in Singapore or elsewhere whose main object is the promotion of any branch of learning or science.

　　(6) In this section, references to the inventor include references to any proprietor of the invention for the time being.

　　(7) In the case of an invention consisting of a substance or composition for use in a method of treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy or of diagnosis practised on the human or animal body, the fact that the substance or composition forms part of the state of the art shall not prevent the invention from being taken to be new if the use of the substance or composition in any such method does not form part of the state of the art.

　　15.Inventive step.

　　An invention shall be taken to involve an inventive step if it is not obvious to a person skilled in the art, having regard to any matter which forms part of the state of the art by virtue only of section 14(2) and without having regard to section 14(3).

　　16.Industrial application.

　　(1) Subject to subsection (2), an invention shall be taken to be capable of industrial application if it can be made or used in any kind of industry, including agriculture.

　　(2) An invention of a method of treatment of the human or animal body by surgery or therapy or of diagnosis practised on the human or animal body shall not be taken to be capable of industrial application.

　　(3) Subsection (2) shall not prevent a product consisting of a substance or composition being treated as capable of industrial application merely because it is invented for use in any such method.

　　17.Priority date.

　　(1) For the purposes of this Act, the priority date of an invention to which an application for a patent relates and also of any matter (whether or not the same as the invention) contained in the application is, except as provided by the provisions of this Act, the date of filing the application.

　　(2) If in or in connection with an application for a patent (the application in suit) a declaration is made, whether by the applicant or any predecessor in title of his, complying with the relevant requirements of the rules and specifying one or more earlier relevant applications for the purposes of this section made by the applicant or a predecessor in title of his and each having a date of filing during the period of 12 months immediately preceding the date of filing the application in suit, then

　　(a) if an invention to which the application in suit relates is supported by matter disclosed in the earlier relevant application or applications, the priority date of that invention shall instead of being the date of filing the application in suit be the date of filing the relevant application in which that matter was disclosed or, if it was disclosed in more than one relevant application, the earliest of them;

　　(b) the priority date of any matter contained in the application in suit which was also disclosed in the earlier relevant application or applications shall be the date of filing the relevant application in which that matter was disclosed or, if it was disclosed in more than one relevant application, the earliest of them.

　　(3) Where an invention or other matter contained in the application in suit was also disclosed in two earlier relevant applications filed by the same applicant as in the case of the application in suit or a predecessor in title of his and the second of those relevant applications was specified in or in connection with the application in suit, the second of those relevant applications shall, so far as it concerns that invention or matter, be disregarded unless

　　(a) it was filed in or in respect of the same country as the first; and

　　(b) not later than the date of filing the second, the first (whether or not so specified) was unconditionally withdrawn, or was abandoned or refused, without

　　(i) having been made available to the public whether in Singapore or elsewhere;

　　(ii) leaving any rights outstanding; and

　　(iii) having served to establish a priority date in relation to another application, wherever made.

　　(4) This section shall apply for determining the priority date of an invention for which a patent has been granted as it applies for determining the priority date of an invention to which an application for that patent relates.

　　(5) In this section and section 18, "relevant application" means any of the following applications which has a date of filing:

　　(a) an application for a patent under this Act; or

　　(b) an application in or for a convention country specified under section 89 for protection in respect of an invention or an application which, in accordance with the law of a convention country or a treaty or international convention to which a convention country is a party, is equivalent to such an application.

　　18.Disclosure of matter, etc., between earlier and later applications.

　　(1) It Is hereby declared for the avoidance of doubt that where an application (the application in suit) is made for a patent and a declaration is made in accordance with section 17(2) in or in connection with that application specifying an earlier relevant application, the application in suit and any patent granted in pursuance of it shall not be invalidated by reason only of the relevant intervening acts.

　　(2) In subsection (1), "relevant intervening acts" means acts done in relation to matter disclosed in an earlier relevant application between the dates of the earlier relevant application and the application in suit, as for example, filing another application for the invention for which the earlier relevant application was made, making information available to the public about that invention or that matter or working that invention, but disregarding any application, or the disclosure to the public of matter contained in any application, which is itself to be disregarded for the purposes of section 17(3).

　　Part IV Right to Apply for and Obtain Patent

　　19.Right to apply for and obtain patent.

　　(1) Any person may make an application for a patent either alone or jointly with another.

　　(2) A patent for an invention may be granted

　　(a) primarily to the inventor or joint inventors;

　　(b) in preference to paragraph (a), to any person or persons who, by virtue of any enactment or rule of law, or any foreign law or treaty or international convention, or by virtue of an enforceable term of any agreement entered into with the inventor before the making of the invention, was or were at the time of the making of the invention entitled to the whole of the property in it (other than equitable interests) in Singapore;

　　(c) in any event, to the successor or successors in title of any person or persons mentioned in paragraph (a) or (b) or any person so mentioned and the successor or successors in title of another person so mentioned,

　　and to no other person.

　　(3) Except so far as the contrary is established, a person who makes an application for a patent shall be taken to be the person who is entitled under subsection (2) to be granted a patent and two or more persons who make such an application jointly shall be taken to be the persons so entitled.

　　20.Determination before grant of questions about entitlement to patents, etc.

　　(1) At any time before a patent has been granted for an invention

　　(a) any person may refer to the Registrar the question whether he is entitled to be granted (alone or with any other persons) a patent for that invention or has or would have any right in or under any patent so granted or any application for such a patent; or

　　(b) any of two or more co-proprietors of an application for a patent for that invention may so refer the question whether any right in or under application should be transferred or granted to any other person,

　　and the Registrar shall determine the question and may make such order as he thinks fit to give effect to the determination.

　　(2) Where a person refers a question relating to an invention under subsection (1)(a) to the Registrar after an application for a patent for the invention has been filed and before a patent is granted in pursuance of the application, then, unless the application is refused or withdrawn before the reference is disposed of by the Registrar, the Registrar may, without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1) and subject to subsection (6)

　　(a) order that the application shall proceed in the name of that person, either solely or jointly with that of any other applicant or any specified applicant;

　　(b) where the reference was made by two or more persons, order that the application shall proceed in all their names jointly;

　　(c) refuse to grant a patent in pursuance of the application or order the application to be amended so as to exclude any of the matter in respect of which the question was referred; or

　　(d) make an order transferring or granting any licence or other right in or under the application and give directions to any person for carrying out the provisions of any such order.

　　(3) Where a question is referred to the Registrar under subsection (1)(a) and

　　(a) the Registrar orders an application for a patent for the invention to which the question relates to be so amended;

　　(b) any such application is refused under subsection (2)(c) before the Registrar has disposed of the reference (whether the reference was made before or after the publication of the application); or

　　(c) any such application is refused under any other provision of this Act or is withdrawn before the Registrar has disposed of the reference, but after the publication of the application,

　　the Registrar may order that any person by whom the reference was made may within the prescribed period make a new application for a patent for the whole or part of any matter comprised in the earlier application or, as the case may be, for all or any of the matter excluded from the earlier application, subject in either case to section 84, and in either case that, if such a new application is made, it shall be treated as having been filed on the date of filing the earlier application.

　　(4) Where a person refers a question under subsection (1)(b) relating to an application, any order under subsection (1) may contain directions to any person for transferring or granting any right in or under the application.

　　(5) If any person to whom directions have been given under subsection (2)(d) or (4) fails to do anything necessary for carrying out any such directions within 14 days after the date of the directions, the Registrar may, on application made to him by any person in whose favour or on whose reference the directions were given, authorise him to do that thing on behalf of the person to whom the directions were given.

　　(6) Where on a reference under this section it is alleged that, by virtue of any transaction, instrument or event relating to an invention or an application for a patent, any person other than the inventor or the applicant for the patent has become entitled to be granted (whether alone or with any other persons) a patent for the invention or has or would have any right in or under any patent so granted or any application for any such patent, an order shall not be made under subsection (2)(a), (2)(b) or (2)(d) on the reference unless notice of the reference is given to the applicant and any such person, except any of them who is a party to the reference.

　　(7) If it appears to the Registrar on a reference of a question under this section that the question involves matters which would more properly be determined by the court, he may decline to deal with it and, without prejudice to the court’’s jurisdiction to determine any such question and make a declaration, the court shall have jurisdiction to do so.

　　(8) No direction shall be given under this section so as to affect the mutual rights or obligations of trustees or of the personal representatives of deceased persons, or their rights or obligations as such.

　　21.Determination after grant of questions referred before grant.

　　If a question with respect to a patent or application is referred by any person to the Registrar under section 20, and is not determined before the time when the application is first in order for a grant of a patent in pursuance of the application, that fact shall not prevent the grant of a patent, but on its grant that person shall be treated as having referred to the Registrar under section 47 any question mentioned in that section which the Registrar thinks appropriate.

　　22.Handling of application by joint applicants.

　　If any dispute arises between joint applicants for a patent whether or in what manner the application should be proceeded with, the Registrar may, on a request made by any of the parties, give such directions as he thinks fit for enabling the application to proceed in the name of one or more of the parties alone or for regulating the manner in which it shall be proceeded with, or for both those purposes, as the case may require.

　　23.Effect of transfer of application under section 20 or 22.

　　(1) Where an order is made or directions are given under section 20 or 22 that an application for a patent shall proceed in the name of one or some of the original applicants (whether or not it is also to proceed in the name of some other person), any licences or other rights in or under the application shall, subject to the provisions of the order and any directions under either of those sections, continue in force and be treated as granted by the persons in whose name the application is to proceed.

　　(2) Where an order is made or directions are given under section 20 that an application for a patent shall proceed in the name of one or more persons none of whom was an original applicant (on the ground that the original applicant or applicants was or were not entitled to be granted the patent), any licences or other rights in or under the application shall, subject to the provisions of the order and any directions under that section and subject to subsection (3), lapse on the registration of the person or those persons as the applicant or applicants or, where the application has not been published, on the making of the order.

　　(3) If before registration of a reference under section 20 resulting in the making of any order mentioned in subsection (2)

　　(a) the original applicant or any of the applicants, acting in good faith, worked the invention in question in Singapore or made effective and serious preparations to do so; or

　　(b) a licensee of the applicant, acting in good faith, worked the invention in Singapore or made effective and serious preparations to do so,

　　that or those original applicant or applicants or the licensee shall, on making a request within the prescribed period to the person in whose name the application is to proceed, be entitled to be granted a licence (but not an exclusive licence) to continue working or, as the case may be, to work the invention.

　　(4) Any such licence shall be granted for a reasonable period and on reasonable terms.

　　(5) Where an order is made as mentioned in subsection (2), the person in whose name the application is to proceed or any person claiming that he is entitled to be granted any such licence may refer to the Registrar the question whether the latter is so entitled and whether any such period is or terms are reasonable, and the Registrar shall determine the question and may, if he considers it appropriate, order the grant of such a licence.

　　24.Mention of inventor.

　　(1) The inventor or joint inventors of an invention shall have a right to be mentioned as such in any patent granted for the invention and shall also have a right to be so mentioned if possible in any published application for a patent for the invention and, if not so mentioned, a right to be so mentioned in accordance with the rules in a prescribed document.

　　(2) Unless he has already given the Registry the information mentioned in this subsection, an applicant for a patent shall, within the prescribed period, file with the Registry a statement

　　(a) identifying the person or persons whom he believes to be the inventor or inventors; and

　　(b) where the applicant is not the sole inventor or the applicants are not the joint inventors, indicating the derivation of his or their right to be granted the patent,

　　and, if he fails to do so, the application shall be treated as having been abandoned.

　　(3) Where a person has been mentioned as a sole or joint inventor in pursuance of this section, any other person who alleges that the former ought not to have been mentioned may at any time apply to the Registrar for a certificate to that effect, and the Registrar may issue such a certificate.

　　Part V Applications for Patents

　　25.Making of application.

　　(1) Every application for a patent

　　(a) shall be made in the prescribed form and shall be filed at the Registry in the prescribed manner; and

　　(b) shall be accompanied by the fee prescribed for the purposes of this subsection.

　　(2) Where an application is not accompanied by the fee mentioned in subsection (1)(b), the fee shall be paid within the prescribed period.

　　(3) Every application for a patent shall contain

　　(a) a request for the grant of a patent;

　　(b) a specification containing a description of the invention, a claim or claims and any drawing referred to in the description or any claim; and

　　(c) an abstract,

　　but this subsection shall not prevent an application being initiated by documents complying with section 26(1).

　　(4) The specification of an application shall disclose the invention in a manner which is clear and complete for the invention to be performed by a person skilled in the art.

　　(5) The claim or claims shall

　　(a) define the matter for which the applicant seeks protection;

　　(b) be clear and concise;

　　(c) be supported by the description; and

　　(d) relate to one invention or to a group of inventions which are so linked as to form a single inventive concept.

　　(6) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection(5)(d), the rules may provide for treating two or more inventions as being so linked as to form a single inventive concept for the purposes of this Act.

　　(7) The purpose of the abstract is to give technical information and on publication it shall not form part of the state of the art by virtue of section 14(3), and the Registrar may determine whether the abstract adequately fulfils its purpose and, if it does not, may reframe it so that it does.

　　(8) An application for a patent may be withdrawn at any time before the patent is granted and any withdrawal of such an application may not be revoked.

　　26.Date of filing application.

　　(1) The date of filing an application for a patent shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, be taken to be the earliest date on which the following considerations are satisfied in relation to the application:

　　(a) the documents filed at the Registry contain an indication that a patent is sought in pursuance of the application;

　　(b) those documents identify the applicant or applicants for the patent; and

　　(c) those documents contain a description of the invention and one or more claims whether or not the description or the claim or claims complies with the other provisions of this Act and with any relevant rules.

　　(2) Every application for a patent shall be examined on filing to determine whether

　　(a) the filing fee has been paid; and

　　(b) the application satisfies the requirements for the accordance of a filing date.

　　(3) If a date of filing cannot be accorded, the Registrar shall give the applicant an opportunity to correct the deficiencies, and if the deficiencies are not corrected within the prescribed period, the application shall be treated as having been abandoned.

　　(4) If the filing fee has not been paid within the period prescribed under section 25(2), the application shall be treated as having been abandoned.

　　(5) If before the grant of a patent under section 30 it is found that any drawing referred to in any such application is filed later than the date which by virtue of subsection (1) is to be treated as the date of filing the application, the Registrar shall give the applicant an opportunity of requesting within the prescribed period that the date on which the drawing is filed shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as the date of filing the application, and

　　(a) if the applicant makes any such request, the date of filing the drawing shall be so treated; but

　　(b) otherwise any reference to the drawing in the application shall be treated as omitted.

　　(6) Where, after an application for a patent has been filed and before the patent is granted, a new application is filed by the original applicant or his successor in title in accordance with the rules in respect of any part of the matter contained in the earlier application and the conditions mentioned in subsection (1) are satisfied in relation to the new application (without the new application contravening section 84) the new application shall be treated as having, as its date of filing, the date of filing the earlier application.

　　(7) Nothing in subsection (5) shall be construed as affecting the power of the Registrar under section 107(1) to correct errors or mistakes with respect to the filing of drawings.

　　27.Publication of application.

　　(1) Subject to section 33, where an application has a date of filing, then, as soon as possible after the end of the prescribed period, the Registrar shall, unless the application is withdrawn, be treated as having been abandoned or refused before preparations for its publication have been completed by the Registry, publish it as filed (including not only the original claims but also any amendments of those claims and new claims subsisting immediately before the completion of those preparations) and he may, if so requested by the applicant, publish it as aforesaid during that period, and in either event shall publish the fact and date of its publication in the journal.

　　(2) The Registrar may omit from the specification of a published application for a patent any matter

　　(a) which in his opinion disparages any person in a way likely to damage him; or

　　(b) the publication or exploitation of which would in his opinion be generally expected to encourage offensive, immoral or anti-social behaviour.

　　Part VI Procedure for Grant of Patent

　　28.Examination as to form.

　　(1) Where an application for a patent has a date of filing and is not withdrawn or treated as having been abandoned, the Registrar shall as soon as practicable after the end of the prescribed period examine the application so as to determine whether the application complies with those requirements of this Act and the rules which are designated by the rules as formal requirements for the purposes of this Act.

　　(2) Where after an examination under subsection (1) it is determined that not all the formal requirements are complied with, the Registrar shall give the applicant an opportunity to make observations and to amend the application within such period as the Registrar may specify so as to comply with those requirements (subject, however, to section 84), and, if the applicant fails to do so, the Registrar may refuse the application.

　　29.Search and examination and corresponding international applications.

　　(1) Where an application for a patent complies with all the formal requirements referred to in section 28(1), the Registrar shall notify the applicant who shall

　　(a) file a request in the prescribed form and pay the prescribed fee for a search report within the prescribed period;

　　(b) file a request in the prescribed form and pay the prescribed fee for a search and examination report within the prescribed period; or

　　(c) where the applicant has filed, alone or jointly with any other person, a corresponding international application for a patent, not designating Singapore, or a corresponding application for a patent at any prescribed patent office, furnish such detail as prescribed and within the prescribed period, of all the corresponding international applications and the other corresponding applications flied by him,

　　and if the applicant fails to make such request, pay the prescribed fee or furnish the prescribed detail within the prescribed period, the application shall be treated as having been abandoned at the end of the period prescribed under paragraph (a), (b) or (c), whichever is the latest.

　　(2) Where the applicant has filed a request and paid the fee under subsection (1)(a), the Registrar shall cause the application to be subject to a search by an Examiner to discover the relevant prior art contained in such documentation as may be prescribed.

　　(3) Upon receipt of the report of the search carried out under subsection (2), the Registrar shall send to the applicant a copy of the report, and the applicant may, within the prescribed period, file a request and pay the prescribed fee, for an examination report on the application so as to determine whether the conditions specified in sections 13 and 25(4) and 25(5) have been complied with, taking into consideration all the relevant prior art, if any, referred to in the search report; and upon receipt of the report, the Registrar shall send to the applicant a copy of the report.

　　(4) Where the applicant has furnished the prescribed details under subsection (1)(c), he shall, subject to subsection (5), within the prescribed period, file the prescribed information in or translated into the English language relating to any one of the corresponding international applications or other corresponding applications referred to in subsection (1)(c).

　　(5) The applicant may, instead of filing the prescribed information referred to in subsection (4), within the prescribed period, either

　　(a) file a copy of a search report in respect of any one of the corresponding international applications or other corresponding applications referred to in subsection (1)(c), together with a request in the prescribed form and the prescribed fee, for an examination report; or

　　(b) file a request in the prescribed form and pay the prescribed fee, for a search and examination report.

　　(6) Where the applicant has filed a request and paid the fee under subsection (1)(b) or (5)(b), the Registrar shall cause the application to be subject to

　　(a) a search by an Examiner to discover the relevant prior art contained in such documentation as may be prescribed; and

　　(b) an examination by an Examiner so as to determine whether the conditions specified in sections 13 and 25(4) and 25(5) have been complied with, taking into consideration all the relevant prior art, if any, discovered in the search; and upon receipt of the search and examination report, the Registrar shall send to the applicant a copy of the report.

　　(7) Where the applicant has filed a request and paid the fee under subsection (5)(a), the Registrar shall cause the application to be subject to an examination by an Examiner so as to determine whether the conditions specified in sections 13 and 25(4) and 25(5) have been complied with, taking into consideration all the relevant prior art, if any, referred to in the search report; and upon receipt of the examination report, the Registrar shall send to the applicant a copy of the report.

　　(8) Where an international application for a patent (Singapore) has been filed by the applicant and the international preliminary examination report is not established, the applicant may, within the prescribed period file a request in the prescribed form and pay the prescribed fee, for an examination report on the applications so as to determine whether the conditions specified in sections 13 and 25(4) and 25(5) have been complied with, taking into consideration all the relevant prior art, if any, referred to in the international search report; and upon receipt of the examination report, the Registrar shall send to the applicant a copy of the report.

　　(9) For the purposes of this Part, "corresponding international application" and "corresponding application", in relation to an invention, mean an application for protection filed, respectively, under the Patent Cooperation Treaty or with any prescribed patent office in respect of the same or substantially the same invention as that which is the subject of the application in suit, the application filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty or with the prescribed patent office being

　　(a) the basis for a priority claim under section 17 in the application in suit; or

　　(b) subject to a priority claim based on the application in suit or an application which is also the basis for a priority claim under section 17 in the application in suit.

　　30.Grant of patent.

　　(1) Where before the end of the prescribed period the conditions in subsection (2) are satisfied, the Registrar shall grant the applicant a patent.

　　(2) The conditions referred to in subsection (1) are

　　(a) that all the formal requirements have been complied with;

　　(b) in the case of an international application for a patent (Singapore) where Singapore has been elected in accordance with Chapter II of the Patent Cooperation Treaty, that the international preliminary examination report of the application has been received by the Registrar;

　　(c) in any other case, that the following reports or information have been received by the Registrar:

　　(i) the search and examination report referred to in section 29(6);

　　(ii) the search report and the examination report referred to in section 29(3);

　　(iii) the search report referred to in section 29(5) and the examination report referred to in section 29(7);

　　(iv) the examination report referred to in section 29(8); or

　　(v) the prescribed information relating to any one of the corresponding international applications or other corresponding applications referred to in section 29(4); and

　　(d) that the prescribed fee for the grant of a patent has been paid.

　　(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Registrar may refuse to grant a patent

　　(a) in pursuance of more than one application where two or more applications for a patent for the same invention having the same priority date have been filed by the same applicant or his successor in title; or

　　(b) in respect of any invention referred to in section 13(3).

　　31.General power to amend application before grant.

　　(1) If it appears to an Examiner during the examination of an application that the conditions specified in sections 13 and 25(4) and 25(5) have not been complied with, the Examiner shall give the applicant at least one written opinion to that effect, and the applicant shall before the examination report is issued have the right to

　　(a) respond to the written opinion within any prescribed period; and

　　(b) amend the specification of the application in accordance with the prescribed conditions and subject to section 84.

　　(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), at any time before a patent is granted in pursuance of an application, the applicant may in accordance with the prescribed conditions and subject to section 84, amend the application of his own volition.

　　32.Failure of application.

　　(1) Where an application for a patent has not, before the end of such period as may be prescribed, complied with the requirements of section 30(2), the application shall be treated as having been abandoned at the end of that period.

　　(2) If at the end of the prescribed period under subsection (1) an appeal to the court is pending in respect of the application or the time within which such an appeal could be brought has not expired, that period

　　(a) where such an appeal is pending, or is brought within the said time or before the expiration of any extension of that time granted (in the case of a first extension) on an application made within that time or (in the case of a subsequent extension) on an application made before the expiration of the last previous extension, shall be extended until such date as the court may determine;

　　(b) where no such appeal is pending or is so brought, shall continue until the end of the said time or, if any extension of that time is so granted, until the expiration of the extension or last extension so granted.

　　33.Information prejudicial to defence of Singapore or safety of public.

　　(1) Where an application for a patent is filed in the Registry (whether under this Act or any treaty or international convention to which Singapore is a party) and it appears to the Registrar that the application contains information of a description notified to him by the Minister as being information the publication of which might be prejudicial to the defence of Singapore, the Registrar shall give directions prohibiting or restricting the publication of that information or its communication to any specified person or description of persons.

　　(2) If it appears to the Registrar that any application so filed contains information the publication of which might be prejudicial to the safety of the public, he may give directions prohibiting or restricting the publication of that information or its communication to any specified person or description of persons until the end of a period not exceeding three months from the end of a period prescribed for the purposes of section 27.

　　(3) While directions are in force under this section with respect to an application

　　(a) if the application is made under this Act, it will be held in abeyance after the formal requirements of this Act and the rules have been met and will not proceed to be processed in accordance with section 29 until the directions are revoked under subsection (4)(e); and

　　(b) if it is an international application for a patent, a copy of it shall not be sent to the International Bureau or any international searching authority appointed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty.

　　(4) Where the Registrar gives directions under this section with respect to any application, he shall give notice of the application and of the directions to the Minister, and the following provisions shall then have effect:

　　(a) the Minister shall, on receipt of the notice, consider whether the publication of the application or the publication or communication of the information in question would be prejudicial to the defence of Singapore or the safety of the public;

　　(b) if the Minister determines under paragraph (a) that the publication or communication of that information would be prejudicial to the safety of the public, he shall notify the Registrar who shall continue his directions under subsection (2) until they are revoked under paragraph (e);

　　(c) if the Minister determines under paragraph (a) that the publication of the application or the publication or communication of that information would be prejudicial to the defence of Singapore or the safety of the public, he shall (unless a notice under paragraph (d) has previously been given by the Minister to the Registrar) reconsider that question during the period of nine months from the date of filing the application and at least once in every subsequent period of 12 months;

　　(d) if on consideration of an application at any time it appears to the Minister that the publication of the application or the publication or communication of the information contained in it would not, or would no longer, be prejudicial to the defence of Singapore or the safety of the public, he shall give notice to the Registrar to that effect; and

　　(e) on receipt of such a notice the Registrar shall revoke the directions and may, subject to such conditions (if any) as he thinks fit, extend the time for doing anything required or authorised to be done by or under this Act in connection with the application, whether or not that time has previously expired.

　　(5) The Minister may at any time, for the purpose of enabling him to decide the question referred to in subsection (4)(c), do one or both of the following, that is to say, inspect or authorise any person to inspect the application and any documents sent to the Registrar in connection with it and where a person is authorised to carry out such inspection, he shall as soon as practicable report on his inspection to the Minister.

　　(6) Where directions given under this section in respect of an application for a patent for an invention are revoked, and the application is brought in order for the grant of a patent and a patent is granted for the invention, then

　　(a) if while the directions are in force the invention is worked by (or with the written authorisation of or to the order of) a Government department, the provisions of Part XII shall apply as if

　　(i) the working were use made by section 61;

　　(ii) the application had been published at the end of the prescribed period or at the time the directions were revoked, whichever is earlier; and

　　(iii) a patent had been granted for the invention at the time the application is brought in order for the grant of a patent (taking the terms of the patent to be those of the application as it stood at the time it was so brought in order); and

　　(b) if it appears to the Minister that the applicant for the patent has suffered hardship while the directions were in force, the Minister may make such payment (if any) by way of compensation to the applicant as appears to the Minister to be reasonable having regard to the inventive merit and utility of the invention, the purpose for which it is designed and any other relevant circumstances.

　　(7) Where a patent is granted in pursuance of an application in respect of which directions have been given under this section, no renewal fees shall be payable in respect of any period during which those directions were in force.

　　(8) Any person who fails to comply with any direction under this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.

　　(9) Nothing in this section shall prevent the disclosure of information concerning an invention to a Government department or authority for the purpose of obtaining advice as to whether directions under this section with respect to an application for a patent for that invention should be made, amended or revoked.

　　34.Restrictions on applications abroad by Singapore residents.

　　(1) Subject to this section, no person resident in Singapore shall, without written authority granted by the Registrar, file or cause to be filed outside Singapore an application for a patent for an invention unless

　　(a) an application for a patent for the same invention has been filed in the Registry not less than two months before the application outside Singapore; and

　　(b) no directions have been given under section 33 in relation to the application in Singapore or all such directions have been revoked.

　　(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply to an application for a patent for an invention for which an application for a patent has first been filed in a country outside Singapore by a person resident outside Singapore.

　　(3) Any person who files or causes to be filed an application for the grant of a patent in contravention of this section shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or to both.

　　(4) In this section

　　(a) any reference to an application for a patent includes a reference to an application for other protection for an invention;

　　(b) any reference to either kind of application is a reference to an application under this Act, under the law of any country other than Singapore or under any treaty or international convention to which Singapore is a party; and

　　(c) "person resident in Singapore" includes a person who, at the material time, is residing in Singapore by virtue of a valid pass lawfully issued to him under the Immigration Act to enter and remain in Singapore for any purpose.

　　Part VII Provisions as to Patents After Grant

　　35.Publication and certificate of grant.

　　(1) As soon as practicable after a patent has been granted under this Act, the Registrar shall publish in the journal a notice that it has been granted.

　　(2) The Registrar shall, as soon as practicable after he publishes a notice under subsection (1), send the proprietor of the patent a certificate in the prescribed form that the patent has been granted to the proprietor.

　　(3) The Registrar shall, at the same time as he publishes a notice under subsection (1) in relation to a patent, publish the specification of the patent, the names of the proprietor and (if different) the inventor and any other matters (including the prescribed information under sections 29 and 30) constituting or relating to the patent which in the Registrar’’s opinion it is desirable to publish.

　　36.Term of patent.

　　(1) A patent granted under this Act shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as having been granted, and shall take effect on the date on which notice of its grant is published in the journal and, subject to subsection (2), shall continue in force until the end of the period of 20 years beginning with the date of filing the application for the patent or with such other date as may be prescribed.

　　(2) A patent shall cease to have effect at the end of its prescribed period for the payment of any renewal fee if it is not paid within that period.

　　(3) If during the period of six months immediately following the end of the prescribed period the renewal fee and any prescribed additional fee are paid, the patent shall be treated for the purposes of this Act as if it had never expired, and accordingly

　　

　　(a) anything done under or in relation to it during that further period shall be valid;

　　(b) an act which would constitute an infringement of it if it had not expired shall constitute such an infringement; and

　　(c) an act which would constitute the use of the patented invention for the services of the Government if the patent had not expired shall constitute that use.

　　(4) Rules shall include provision requiring the Registrar to notify the registered proprietor of a patent that a renewal fee has not been received from him in the Registry before the end of the prescribed period and before the framing of the notification and requiring the proprietor of a patent in force by virtue of section 117(3) to furnish to the Registrar

　　(a) where the patent is renewed for the first time under this section, a Statutory Declaration stating that the patent remains in force in the United Kingdom; and

　　(b) for every subsequent renewal under this section, a Statutory Declaration stating that the patent has not been revoked in the United Kingdom,

　　at the time of the payment of any renewal fee.

　　37.Patent not to be impugned for lack of unity.

　　No person may in any proceeding object to a patent or to an amendment of a specification of a patent on the ground that the claims contained in the specification of the patent, as they stand or, as the case may be, as proposed to be amended, relate

　　(a) to more than one invention; or

　　(b) to a group of inventions which are not so linked as to form a single inventive concept.

　　38.General power to amend specification after grant.

　　(1) Subject to this section and to section 84, the Registrar may, on an application made by the proprietor of a patent, allow the specification of the patent to be amended subject to such conditions, if any, as he thinks fit.

　　(2) No such amendment shall be allowed under this section where there are pending before the court or the Registrar proceedings in which the validity of the patent may be put in issue.

　　(3) An amendment of a specification of a patent under this section shall have effect and be deemed always to have had effect from the grant of the patent.

　　(4) A person may give notice to the Registrar of his opposition to an application under this section by the proprietor of a patent, and if he does so the Registrar shall notify the proprietor and consider the opposition in deciding whether to grant the application.

　　39.Restoration of lapsed patents.

　　(1) Where a patent has ceased to have effect by reason of a failure to pay any renewal fee, an application for the restoration of the patent may be made to the Registrar within the prescribed period.

　　(2) An application under this section may be made by the person who was the proprietor of the patent or by any other person who would have been entitled to the patent if it had not ceased to have effect; and where the patent was held by two or more persons jointly, the application may, with the leave of the Registrar, be made by one or more of them without joining the others.

　　(3) Notice of the application shall be published by the Registrar in the prescribed manner.

　　(4) If the Registrar is satisfied that the proprietor of the patent took reasonable care to see that any renewal fee was paid within the prescribed period or that that fee and any prescribed additional fee were paid within the six months immediately following the end of that period, the Registrar shall by order restore the patent on payment of any unpaid renewal fee and any prescribed additional fee.

　　(5) An order under this section may be made subject to such conditions as the Registrar thinks fit (including a condition requiring compliance with any provisions of the rules relating to registration which have not been complied with), and if the proprietor of the patent does not comply with any such condition of the order, the Registrar may revoke the order and give such directions consequential on the revocation as he thinks fit.

　　(6) The effect of an order for the restoration of a patent shall be as provided in subsections (7) to (11).

　　(7) Anything done under or in relation to the patent during the period between expiry and restoration shall be treated as valid.

　　(8) Anything done during that period which would have constituted an infringement if the patent had not expired shall be treated as an infringement

　　(a) if done at a time when it was possible for the patent to be renewed under section 36(3);

　　(b) if it was a continuation or repetition of an earlier infringing act.

　　(9) If after it was no longer possible for the patent to be so renewed, and before publication of notice of the application for restoration, a person

　　(a) began in good faith to do an act which would have constituted an infringement of the patent if it had not expired; or

　　(b) made in good faith effective and serious preparations to do such an act,

　　he has the right to continue to do the act or, as the case may be, to do the act, notwithstanding the restoration of the patent; but this right does not extend to granting a licence to another person to do the act.

　　(10) If the act was done, or the preparations were made, in the course of a business, the person entitled to the right conferred by subsection (9) may

　　(a) authorise the doing of that act by any partners of his for the time being in that business; and

　　(b) assign that right, or transmit it on death (or in the case of a body corporate on its dissolution), to any person who acquires that part of the business in the course of which the act was done or the preparations were made.

　　(11) Where a product is disposed of to another in exercise of the rights conferred by subsection (9) or (10), that other and any person claiming through him may deal with the product in the same way as if it had been disposed of by the registered proprietor of the patent.

　　(12) Subsections (7) to (11) shall apply in relation to the use of a patent for the services of the Government as they apply in relation to infringement of the patent.

　　40.Surrender of patents.

　　(1) The proprietor of a patent may at any time by notice given to the Registrar offer to surrender his patent.

　　(2) A person may give notice to the Registrar of his opposition to the surrender of a patent under this section, and if he does so the Registrar shall notify the proprietor of the patent and determine the question.

　　(3) If the Registrar is satisfied that the patent may properly be surrendered, he may accept the offer and, as from the date when notice of his acceptance is published in the journal, the patent shall cease to have effect, but no action for infringement shall lie in respect of any act done before that date and no right to compensation shall accrue for any use of the patented invention before that date for the services of the Government.

　　Part VIII Property in Patents and Applications for Patents and Registration

　　41.Nature of, and transactions in, patents and applications for patents.

　　(1) Any patent or application for a patent is personal property (without being a thing in action), and any patent or any such application and rights in or under it may be transferred, created or granted in accordance with this section.

　　(2) Subject to section 46(3), any patent or any such application, or any right in it, may be assigned or mortgaged.

　　(3) Any patent or any such application or right shall vest by operation of law in the same way as any other personal property and may be vested by an assent of personal representatives.

　　(4) Subject to section 46(3), a licence may be granted under any patent or any such application for working the invention which is the subject of the patent or the application; and

　　(a) to the extent that the licence so provides, a sub-licence may be granted under any such licence and any such licence or sub-licence may be assigned or mortgaged; and

　　(b) any such licence or sub-licence shall vest by operation of law in the same way as any other personal property and may be vested by an assent of personal representatives.

　　(5) Subsections (2) to (4) shall have effect subject to the provisions of this Act.

　　(6) Any of the following transactions, that is to say

　　(a) any assignment or mortgage of a patent or any such application, or any right in a patent or any such application;

　　(b) any assent relating to any patent or any such application or right,

　　shall be void unless it is in writing and is signed by or on behalf of the parties to the transaction (or, in the case of an assent or other transaction by a personal representative, by or on behalf of the personal representative) or in the case of a body corporate is so signed or is under the seal of that body.

　　(7) An assignment of a patent or any such application or a share in it, and an exclusive licence granted under any patent or any such application, may confer on the assignee or licensee the right of the assignor or licensor to bring proceedings by virtue of section 67 or 76 for a previous infringement or to bring the proceedings under section 64 for a previous act.

　　42.Register of patents.

　　(1) There shall be kept at the Registry a register of patents which shall comply with the rules made by virtue of this section and shall be kept in accordance with such rules.

　　(2) Without prejudice to any other provisions of this Act or the rules, the rules may make provision with respect to the following matters, including provision imposing requirements as to any of those matters:

　　(a) the registration of patents and of published applications for patents;

　　(b) the registration of transactions, instruments or events affecting rights in or under patents and applications;

　　(c) the furnishing to the Registrar of any prescribed documents or description of documents in connection with any matter which is required to be registered;

　　(d) the correction of errors in the register and in any documents filed at the Registry in connection with registration; and

　　(e) the publication and advertisement of anything done under this Act or the rules in relation to the register.

　　(3) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (2)(b), no notice of any trust, whether express, implied or constructive, shall be entered in the register and the Registrar shall not be affected by any such notice.

　　(4) The register need not be kept in documentary form.

　　(5) Subject to the rules, the public shall have a right to inspect the register at the Registry at all convenient times.

　　(6) Any person who applies for a certified copy of an entry in the register or a certified extract from the register shall be entitled to obtain such a copy or extract on payment of a fee prescribed in relation to certified copies and extracts; and the rules may provide that any person who applies for an uncertified copy or extract shall be entitled to such a copy or extract on payment of a fee prescribed in relation to uncertified copies and extracts.

　　(7) Applications under subsection (6) or the rules made by virtue of that subsection shall be made in such manner as may be prescribed.

　　(8) In relation to any portion of the register kept otherwise than in documentary form

　　(a) the right of inspection conferred by subsection (5) is a right to inspect the material on the register; and

　　(b) the right to a copy or extract conferred by subsection (6) or the rules is a right to a copy or extract in a form in which it can be taken away and in which it is visible and legible.

　　43.Effect of registration, etc., on rights in patents.

　　(1) Any person who claims to have acquired the property in a patent or application for a patent by virtue of any transaction, instrument or event to which this section applies shall be entitled as against any other person who claims to have acquired that property by virtue of an earlier transaction, instrument or event to which this section applies if, at the time of the later transaction, instrument or event

　　(a) the earlier transaction, instrument or event was not registered;

　　(b) in the case of any application which has not been published, notice of the earlier transaction, instrument or event had not been given to the Registrar; and

　　(c) in any case, the person claiming under the later transaction, instrument or event did not know of the earlier transaction, instrument or event.

　　(2) Subsection (1) shall apply equally to the case where any person claims to have acquired any right in or under a patent or application for a patent, by virtue of a transaction, instrument or event to which this section applies, and that right is incompatible with any such right acquired by virtue of an earlier transaction, instrument or event to which this section applies.

　　(3) This section shall apply to the following transactions, instruments and events:

　　(a) the assignment of a patent or application for a patent, or a right in it;

　　(b) the mortgage of a patent or application;

　　(c) the grant or assignment of a licence or sub-licence, or mortgage of a licence or sub-licence, under a patent or application;

　　(d) the death of the proprietor or one of the proprietors of any such patent or application or any person having a right in or under a patent or application and the vesting by an assent of personal representatives of a patent, application or any such right; and

　　(e) any order or directions of a court or other competent authority

　　(i) transferring a patent or application or any right in or under it to any person; or

　　(ii) that an application should proceed in the name of any person,

　　and in either case the event by virtue of which the court or authority had power to make any such order or give any such directions.

　　(4) Where an application for the registration of a transaction, instrument or event has been made, but the transaction, instrument or event has not been registered, then, for the purposes of subsection (1)(a), registration of the application shall be treated as registration of the transaction, instrument or event.

　　44.Rectification of register.

　　(1) The court may, on the application of any person aggrieved, order the register to be rectified by the making, or the variation or deletion, of any entry in it.

　　(2) In proceedings under this section the court may determine any question which may be necessary or expedient to decide in connection with the rectification of the register.

　　45.Evidence of register, documents, etc.

　　(1) The register shall be prima facie evidence of anything required or authorised by this Act or the rules to be registered.

　　(2) A certificate purporting to be signed by the Registrar and certifying that any entry which he is authorised by this Act or rules to make has or has not been made, or that any other thing which he is so authorised to do has or has not been done, shall be prima facie evidence of the matter so certified.

　　(3) Each of the following, that is to say

　　(a) a copy of an entry in the register or an extract from the register which is supplied under section 42(6);

　　(b) a copy of any document kept in the Registry or an extract from any such document; or

　　(c) any specification of a patent or any application for a patent which has been published,

　　which purports to be a certified copy or a certified extract shall be admitted in evidence without further proof and without production of the original.

　　(4) In this section, "certified copy" and "certified extract" mean a copy and an extract certified by the Registrar and sealed with the seal of the Registry.

　　46.Co-ownership of patents and applications for patents.

　　(1) Where a patent is granted to two or more persons, each of them shall, subject to any agreement to the contrary, be entitled to an equal undivided share in the patent.

　　(2) Where two or more persons are proprietors of a patent, then, subject to this section and subject to any agreement to the contrary

　　(a) each of them shall be entitled, by himself or his agents, to do in respect of the invention, for his own benefit and without the consent of or the need to account to the other or others, any act which would, apart from this subsection and section 61, amount to an infringement of the patent; and

　　(b) any such act shall not amount to an infringement of the patent.

　　(3) Subject to sections 20 and 47 and to any agreement for the time being in force, where two or more persons are proprietors of a patent, one of them shall not without the consent of the other or others grant a licence under the patent or assign or mortgage a share in the patent.

　　(4) Subject to sections 20 and 47 where two or more persons are proprietors of a patent, anyone else may supply one of those persons with the means, relating to an essential element of the invention, for putting the invention into effect, and the supply of those means by virtue of this subsection shall not amount to an infringement of the patent.

　　(5) Where a patented product is disposed of by any of two or more proprietors to any person, that person and any other person claiming through him shall be entitled to deal with the product in the same way as if it had been disposed of by a sole registered proprietor.

　　(6) Nothing in subsection (1) or (2) shall affect the mutual rights or obligations of trustees or of the personal representatives of a deceased person, or their rights or obligations as such.

　　(7) This section shall have effect in relation to an application for a patent which is filed as it has effect in relation to a patent and

　　(a) references to a patent and a patent being granted shall accordingly include references respectively to any such application and to the application being filed; and

　　(b) the reference in subsection (5) to a patented product shall be construed accordingly.

　　47.Determination of right to patent after grant.

　　(1) After a patent has been granted for an invention, any person having or claiming a proprietary interest in or under the patent may refer to the Registrar the question

　　(a) who is or are the true proprietor or proprietors of the patent;

　　(b) whether the patent should have been granted to the person or persons to whom it was granted; or

　　(c) whether any right in or under the patent should be transferred or granted to any other person or persons,

　　and the Registrar shall determine the question and make such order as he thinks fit to give effect to the determination.

　　(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), an order under that subsection may contain provision

　　(a) directing that the person by whom the reference is made under that subsection shall be included (whether or not to the exclusion of any other person) among the persons registered as proprietors of the patent;

　　(b) directing the registration of a transaction, instrument or event by virtue of which that person has acquired any right in or under the patent;

　　(c) granting any licence or other right in or under the patent; and

　　(d) directing the proprietor of the patent or any person having any right in or under the patent to do anything specified in the order as necessary to carry out the other provisions of the order.

　　(3) If any person to whom directions have been given under subsection (2)(d) fails to do anything necessary for carrying out any such directions within 14 days after the date of the order containing the directions, the Registrar may, on an application made to him by any person in whose favour or on whose reference the order containing the directions was made, authorise him to do that thing on behalf of the person to whom the directions were given.

　　(4) Where the Registrar finds on a reference under this section that the patent was granted to a person not entitled to be granted that patent (whether alone or with other persons) and on an application made under section 80 makes an order on that ground for the conditional or unconditional revocation of the patent, the Registrar may order that the person by whom the application was made or his successor in title may, subject to section 84, make a new application for a patent

　　(a) in the case of unconditional revocation, for the whole of the matter comprised in the specification of that patent; and

　　(b) in the case of conditional revocation, for the matter which in the opinion of the Registrar should be excluded from that specification by amendment under section 83,

　　and where such a new application is made, it shall be treated as having been filed on the date of filing the application for the patent to which the reference relates.

　　(5) On any reference under subsection (1), no order shall be made under this section transferring the patent to which the reference relates on the ground that the patent was granted to a person not so entitled, and no order shall be made under subsection (4) on that ground if the reference was made after the end of the period of two years beginning with the date of the grant, unless it is shown that any person registered as a proprietor of the patent knew at the time of the grant or, as the case may be, of the transfer of the patent to him that he was not entitled to the patent.

　　(6) An order under this section shall not be so made as to affect the mutual rights or obligations of trustees or of the personal representatives of a deceased person, or their rights or obligations as such.

　　(7) Where a question is referred to the Registrar under this section, an order shall not be made by virtue of subsection (2) or under subsection (4) on the reference unless notice of the reference is given to all persons registered as proprietor of the patent or as having a right in or under the patent, except those who are parties to the reference.

　　(8) If it appears to the Registrar on a reference under this section that the question referred to him would more properly be determined by the court, he may decline to deal with it and, without prejudice to the court’’s jurisdiction to determine any such question and make a declaration, the court shall have jurisdiction to do so.

　　(9) The court shall not in the exercise of any such declaratory jurisdiction determine a question whether a patent was granted to a person not entitled to be granted the patent if the proceedings in which the jurisdiction is invoked were commenced after the end of the period of two years beginning with the date of the grant of the patent, unless it is shown that any person registered as a proprietor of the patent knew at the time of the grant or, as the case may be, of the transfer of the patent to him that he was not entitled to the patent.

　　48.Effect of transfer of patent under section 47.

　　(1) Where an order is made under section 47 that a patent shall be transferred from any person or persons (the old proprietor or proprietors) to one or more persons (whether or not including an old proprietor) then, except in a case falling within subsection (2), any licences or other rights granted or created by the old proprietor or proprietors shall, subject to section 43 and to the provisions of the order, continue in force and be treated as granted by the person or persons to whom the patent is ordered to be transferred (the new proprietor or proprietors).

　　(2) Where an order is so made that a patent shall be transferred from the old proprietor or proprietors to one or more persons none of whom was an old proprietor (on the ground that the patent was granted to a person not entitled to be granted the patent), any licences or other rights in or under the patent shall, subject to the provisions of the order and subsection (3), lapse on the registration of that person or those persons as the new proprietor or proprietors of the patent.

　　(3) Where an order is so made that a patent shall be transferred as mentioned in subsection (2) or that a person other than an old proprietor may make a new application for a patent and before the reference of the question under that section resulting in the making of any such order is registered, the old proprietor or proprietors or a licensee of the patent, acting in good faith, worked the invention in question in Singapore or made effective and serious preparations to do so, the old proprietor or proprietors or the licensee shall, on making a request to the new proprietor or proprietors within the prescribed period, be entitled to be granted a licence (but not an exclusive licence) to continue working or, as the case may be, to work the invention, so far as it is the subject of the new application.

　　(4) Any such licence shall be granted for a reasonable period and on reasonable terms.

　　(5) The new proprietor or proprietors of the patent or any person claiming that he is entitled to be granted any such licence may refer to the Registrar the question whether that person is so entitled and whether any such period is or terms are reasonable, and the Registrar shall determine the question and may, if he considers it appropriate, order the grant of such a licence.

　　Part IX Employees’’ Inventions

　　49.Right to employees’’ inventions.

　　(1) Notwithstanding anything in any rule of law, an invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken to belong to his employer for the purposes of this Act and all other purposes if

　　(a) the invention was made in the course of the normal duties of the employee or in the course of duties falling outside his normal duties, but specifically assigned to him, and the circumstances in either case were such that an invention might reasonably be expected to result from the carrying out of his duties; or

　　(b) the invention was made in the course of the duties of the employee and, at the time of making the invention, because of the nature of his duties and the particular responsibilities arising from the nature of his duties he had a special obligation to further the interests of the employer’’s undertaking.

　　(2) Any other invention made by an employee shall, as between him and his employer, be taken for those purposes to belong to the employee.

　　(3) Where by virtue of this section an invention belongs, as between him and his employer, to an employee, nothing done

　　(a) by or on behalf of the employee or any person claiming under him for the purposes of pursuing an application for a patent; or

　　(b) by any person for the purpose of performing or working the invention,

　　shall be taken to infringe any copyright or design right to which, as between him and his employer, his employer is entitled in any model or document relating to the invention.

　　(4) In subsection (3), the reference to application for a patent includes an application for other protection for an invention, and includes an application for a patent or any other protection under the law of a country other than Singapore or under any treaty to which Singapore is a party.

　　50.Supplementary provisions.

　　(1) This Part shall not apply to an invention made before the appointed day.

　　(2) This Part shall not apply to an invention made by an employee unless at the time he made the invention one of the following conditions was satisfied in his case:

　　(a) he was mainly employed in Singapore; or

　　(b) he was not mainly employed anywhere or his place of employment could not be determined, but his employer had a place of business in Singapore to which the employee was attached, whether or not he was also attached elsewhere.

　　(3) In this Part, except so far as the context otherwise requires, references to the making of an invention by an employee are references to his making it alone or jointly with any other person, but do not include references to his merely contributing advice or other assistance in the making of an invention by another employee.

　　(4) Any references in section 49 to a patent and to a patent being granted are respectively references to a patent or other protection and to its being granted whether under the law of Singapore or the law in force in any other country or under any treaty or international convention.

　　(5) Nothing in this Part shall be construed as precluding the operation of an agreement or a contract in relation to the right to an invention.

　　Part X Contracts as to Patented Products

　　51.Avoidance of certain restrictive conditions.

　　(1) Subject to this section, any condition or term of a contract for the supply of a patented product or of a licence to work a patented product or of a licence to work a patented invention, or of a contract relating to any such supply or licence, shall be void in so far as it purports

　　(a) in the case of a contract for supply, to require the person supplied to acquire from the supplier, or his nominee, or prohibit him from acquiring from any specified person, or from acquiring except from the supplier or his nominee, anything other than the patented product;

　　(b) in the case of a licence to work a patented invention, to require the licensee to acquire from the licensor or his nominee, or prohibit him from acquiring from any specified person, or from acquiring except from the licensor or his nominee, anything other than the product which is the patented invention or (if it is a process) other than any product obtained directly by means of the process or to which the process has been applied;

　　(c) in either case, to prohibit the person supplied or the licensee from using articles (whether patented products or not) which are not supplied by, or any patented process which does not belong to, the supplier or licensor, or his nominee, or to restrict the right of the person supplied or the licensee to use any such articles or process.

　　(2) In proceedings against any person for infringement of a patent, it shall be a defence to prove that at the time of the infringement there was in force a contract relating to the patent made by or with the consent of the plaintiff or a licence under the patent granted by him or with his consent and containing in either case a condition or term void by virtue of this section.

　　(3) A condition or term of a contract or licence shall not be void by virtue of this section if

　　(a) at the time of the making of the contract or granting of the licence, the supplier or licensor was willing to supply the product, or grant a licence to work the invention, as the case may be, to the person supplied or the licensee, on reasonable terms specified in the contract or licence and without any such condition or term as is mentioned in subsection (l); and

　　(b) the person supplied or the licensee is entitled under the contract or licence to relieve himself of his liability to observe the condition or term on giving to the other party three months’’ notice in writing, and subject to payment to that other party of such compensation (being, in the case of a contract to supply, a lump sum or rent for the residue of the term of the contract and, in the case of a licence, a royalty for the residue of the term of the licence) as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Minister.

　　(4) If in any proceeding it is alleged that any condition or term of a contract or licence is void by virtue of this section, it shall lie on the supplier or licensor to prove the matters set out in subsection (3)(a).

　　(5) A condition or term of a contract or licence shall not be void by virtue of this section by reason only that it prohibits any person from selling goods other than those supplied by a specific person or, in the case of a contract for the hiring of or licence to use a patented product, that it reserves to the bailor or licensor, or his nominee, the right to supply such new parts of the patented product as may be required to put or keep it in repair.

　　52.Determination of parts of certain contracts.

　　(1) Any contract for the supply of a patented product or licence to work a patented invention, or contract relating to any such supply or licence, may at any time after the patent or all the patents by which the product or invention was protected at the time of the making of the contract or granting of the licence has or have ceased to be in force, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the contract or licence or in any other contract, be determined, to the extent (and only to the extent) that the contract or licence relates to the product or invention, by either party on giving three months’’ notice in writing to the other party.

　　(2) In subsection (1), "patented product" and "patented invention" include respectively a product and an invention which is the subject of an application for a patent, and that subsection shall apply in relation to a patent by which any such product or invention was protected and which was granted after the time of the making of the contract or granting of the licence, on an application which had been filed before that time, as it applies to a patent in force at that time.

　　(3) If, on an application under this section made by either party to a contract or licence falling within subsection (1), the court is satisfied that, in consequence of the patent or patents ceasing to be in force, it would be unjust to require the applicant to continue to comply with all the terms and conditions of the contract or licence, it may make such order varying those terms or conditions as, having regard to all the circumstances of the case, it thinks just as between the parties.

　　(4) Without prejudice to any other right of recovery, nothing in subsection (1) shall be taken to entitle any person to recover property let under a hire-purchase agreement within the meaning of the Hire-Purchase Act.

　　(5) This section shall apply to contracts and licences whether made before or after the appointed day.

　　(6) This section shall be without prejudice to any rule of law relating to the frustration of contracts and any right of determining a contract or licence exercisable apart from this section.

　　Part XI Licences of Right and Compulsory Licences

　　53.Licences of right.

　　(1) At any time after the grant of a patent its proprietor may apply to the Registrar for an entry to be made in the register to the effect that licences under the patent are to be available as of right.

　　(2) Where an application under subsection (1) is made, the Registrar shall give notice of the application to any person registered as having a right in or under the patent and, if satisfied that the proprietor of the patent is not precluded by contract from granting licences under the patent, shall make that entry.

　　(3) Where an entry under subsection (2) is made in respect of a patent

　　(a) any person shall, at any time after the entry is made, be entitled as of right to a licence under the patent on such terms as may be settled by agreement or, in default of agreement, by the Registrar on the application of the proprietor of the patent or the person requiring the licence;

　　(b) the Registrar may, on the application of the holder of any licence granted under the patent before the entry was made, order the licence to be exchanged for a licence of right on terms so settled;

　　(c) if in proceedings for infringement of the patent the defendant undertakes to take a licence on such terms, no injunction shall be granted against him and the amount (if any) recoverable against him by way of damages shall not exceed twice the amount which would have been payable by him as licensee if such a licence on those terms had been granted before the earliest infringement;

　　(d) the renewal fee payable in respect of the patent after the date of the entry shall be half the fee which would be payable if the entry had not been made.

　　(4) An undertaking under subsection (3)(c) may be given at any time before final order in the proceedings, without any admission of liability.

　　(5) The licensee under a licence of right may (unless, in the case of a licence the terms of which are settled by agreement, the licence otherwise expressly provides) request the proprietor of the patent to take proceedings to prevent any infringement of the patent; and if the proprietor refuses or neglects to do so within two months after being so requested, the licensee may institute proceedings for the infringement in his own name as if he were the proprietor, making the proprietor a defendant.

　　(6) A proprietor so added as defendant shall not be liable for any costs or expenses unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.

　　54.Cancellation of entry made under section 53.

　　(1) At any time after an entry has been made under section 53 in respect of a patent, the proprietor of the patent may apply to the Registrar for cancellation of the entry.

　　(2) Where an application under subsection (1) is made and the balance paid of all renewal fees which would have been payable if the entry had not been made, the Registrar may cancel the entry if satisfied that there is no existing licence under the patent or that all licensees under the patent consent to the application.

　　(3) Within the prescribed period after an entry had been made under section 53 in respect of a patent, any person who claims that the proprietor of the patent is, and was at the time of the entry, precluded by a contract in which the claimant is interested from granting licences under the patent may apply to the Registrar for cancellation of the entry.

　　(4) Where the Registrar is satisfied, on an application under subsection (3), that the proprietor of the patent is and was so precluded, he shall cancel the entry; and the proprietor shall then be liable to pay, within a period specified by the Registrar, a sum equal to the balance of all renewal fees which would have been payable if the entry had not been made, and the patent shall cease to have effect at the expiration of that period if that sum is not so paid.

　　(5) Where an entry is cancelled under this section, the rights and liabilities of the proprietor of the patent shall after the cancellation be the same as if the entry had not been made.

　　(6) Where an application has been made under this section

　　(a) in the case of an application under subsection (1), any person; and

　　(b) in the case of an application under subsection (3), the proprietor of the patent,

　　may within the prescribed period give notice to the Registrar of opposition to the cancellation; and the Registrar shall, in considering the application, determine whether the opposition is justified.

　　55.Compulsory licences.

　　(1) At any time after the expiration of three years from the date of the grant of a patent or four years from the date of filing of the patent application, whichever is the later, any person interested may apply to the court for the grant of a licence under the patent upon any of the grounds specified in subsection (2).

　　(2) The grounds upon which a licence may be granted under this section are that a market for the patented invention is not being supplied, or is not being supplied on reasonable terms, in Singapore.

　　(3) Subject to this section, if the court is satisfied that either of the grounds referred to in subsection (2) is established, the court may make an order for the grant of a licence in accordance with the application upon such terms as the court thinks fit.

　　(4) A licence granted under this section

　　(a) is not exclusive;

　　(b) shall not be assigned otherwise than in connection with the goodwill of the business in which the patented invention is used;

　　(c) is limited to the supply of the patented invention predominantly in Singapore.

　　(5) Any licence granted under this section may, on the application of any interested party, be terminated by the court where the court is satisfied that the ground upon which the licence was granted has ceased to exist.

　　(6) Where a licence is granted under this section to any person, the person shall pay such remuneration to the patentee as may be agreed, or as may be determined by a method agreed between the person and the patentee or, in default of agreement, as is determined by the court on the application of the person or the patentee.

　　(7) No licence shall be granted under this section unless the person applying for the licence has first taken all reasonable steps to obtain a licence from the patentee on reasonable commercial terms and conditions and has failed to obtain such licence within a reasonable period of time.

　　(8) No licence shall be granted under this section in respect of a patent relating to an integrated circuit except to remedy a practice which is determined by the court to be anti-competitive.

　　(9) If the patented invention cannot be worked by the applicant without his infringing another patent

　　(a) the court is to make the order under subsection (3) only if the court is further satisfied that the applicant’’s patented invention involves an important technical advance of considerable economic significance in relation to the invention claimed in the other patent;

　　(b) the court shall further order that the patentee of the other invention

　　(i) shall grant to the applicant a licence to work the other invention insofar as is necessary to work the patented invention; and

　　(ii) is to be granted, if he so requires, a cross-licence on reasonable terms to work the patented invention;

　　(c) the court shall direct that the licence granted by the patentee of the other invention may be assigned by the applicant

　　(i) only if the licence granted in respect of the patented invention is also assigned; and

　　(ii) only to the assignee of that licence.

　　(10) The powers of the court on an application under this section shall be exercised with a view to securing that the inventor or other person beneficially entitled to a patent shall receive reasonable remuneration having regard to the economic value of the licence.

　　(11) No order shall be made in pursuance of any application under this section which would be at variance with any treaty or international convention relating to patents to which Singapore is a party.

　　(12) For the purposes of this section and section 61, "integrated circuit" means a circuit, in its final or an intermediate form, in which the elements, at least one of which is an active element, and some or all of the interconnections are integrally formed in or on a piece of material and that is intended to perform an electronic function.

　　56.[Repealed] (to Section 60)

　　Part XII Use of Patented Inventions for Services of Government

　　61.Use of patented inventions for services of Government.

　　(1) Subject to sections 65A to 65C, but notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, any Government department, and any person authorised in writing by a Government department, may make, use, exercise and vend any patented invention for the services of the Government and anything done by virtue of this section shall not amount to an infringement of the patent.

　　(2) For the purposes of this section and section 63

　　(a) any use of an invention for the supply to the government of any country outside Singapore, in pursuance of any agreement or arrangement between the Government of Singapore and the Government of that country, of articles required for the defence of that country shall be deemed to be a use of the invention for the services of the Government of Singapore;

　　(b) the power of a Government department or a person authorised by a Government department under this section to make, use, exercise and vend a patented invention shall include the power to sell to any person any articles made in the exercise of the powers conferred by this section that are no longer required for the purpose for which they were made;

　　(c) the power of a Government department or a person authorised by a Government department under this section to vend a patented invention shall not, in the case of a patent relating to an integrated circuit, extend to sale of the invention to the public.

　　(3) The purchaser of any articles sold in the exercise of the powers conferred by this section, and any person claiming through the purchaser, shall have power to deal with them in the same manner as if the patent were held on behalf of the Government.

　　62.[Repealed]

　　63.Rights of third parties in respect of Government use.

　　(1) In relation to

　　(a) any use made for the services of the Government of an invention by a Government department, or a person authorised by a Government department, by virtue of section 61; or

　　(b) anything done for the services of the Government to the order of a Government department by the proprietor of a patent in respect of a patented invention or by the proprietor of an application in respect of an invention for which an application for a patent has been filed and is still pending,

　　the provisions of any licence, assignment or agreement to which this subsection applies shall, subject to sections 65A to 65C, be of no effect so far as those provisions restrict or regulate the working of the invention, or the use of any model, document or information relating to it, or provide for the making of payments in respect of, or calculated by reference to, such working or use; and the reproduction or publication of any model or document in connection with the said working or use shall not be deemed to be an infringement of any copyright or design right subsisting in the model or document.

　　(2) Subsection (1) shall apply to a licence, assignment or agreement which is made, whether before or after the appointed day between (on the one hand) any person who is a proprietor of or an applicant for the patent, or anyone who derives title from any such person or from whom such person derives title, and (on the other hand) any person other than a Government department.

　　(3) to (10) [Deleted]

　　64.References of disputes as to Government use.

　　(1) Any dispute as to the exercise by a Government department or a person authorised by a Government department of the powers conferred by section 61 or as to the terms for the use of an invention for the services of the Government thereunder may be referred to the court by either party to the dispute after a patent has been granted for the invention.

　　(2) In determining any dispute referred to the court under this section, the court shall have regard to

　　(a) any benefit or compensation that the patentee of the invention may have received, or may be entitled to receive, directly or indirectly from any Government department or any person authorised by a Government department in respect of the patented invention; and

　　(b) the need to ensure that the patentee shall receive reasonable remuneration having regard to the economic value of the patented invention.

　　(3) If the validity of a patent is put in issue in proceedings under this section and it is found that the patent is only partially valid, the court may, subject to subsection (4), grant relief to the proprietor of the patent in respect of that part of the patent which is found to be valid and to have been used for the services of the Government.

　　(4) Where in any such proceedings it is found that a patent is only partially valid, the court shall not grant relief by way of costs or expenses except where the proprietor of the patent proves that the specification of the patent was framed in good faith and with reasonable skill and knowledge, and in that event the court may grant relief in respect of that part of the patent which is valid and has been so used, subject to the discretion of the court as to costs and expenses.

　　(5) As a condition of any such relief, the court may direct that the specification of the patent shall be amended to its satisfaction upon an application made for that purpose under section 83, and an application may be so made accordingly, whether or not all other issues in the proceedings have been determined.

　　(6) In any proceedings under this section, the court may at any time order the whole proceedings or any question or issue of fact arising in them to be referred, on such terms as the court may direct, to an arbitrator; and references to the court in this section shall be construed accordingly.

　　(7) One of the two or more joint proprietors of a patent or application for a patent may without the concurrence of the others refer a dispute to the court under this section, but shall not do so unless the others are made parties to the proceedings; but any of the others if made a defendant shall not be liable for any costs or expenses unless he enters an appearance and takes part in the proceedings.

　　65.Special provisions as to Government use during emergency.

　　Subject to sections 65A to 65C, the powers exercisable in relation to an invention by a Government department or a person authorised by a Government department under section 61 shall include power to make, use, exercise and vend the patented invention for any purpose which appears to the Government department necessary or expedient

　　(a) to avoid prejudice to the security or defence of Singapore;

　　(b) to assist in the exercise of powers and the implementation of civil defence measures during a state of emergency or state of civil defence emergency under the Civil Defence Act; or

　　(c) for public non-commercial use.

　　65A.Nature and scope of rights under section 61.

　　(1) The right to use a patented invention under section 61

　　(a) is not exclusive;

　　(b) shall not be assigned otherwise than in connection with the goodwill of the business in which the patented invention is used;

　　(c) is, notwithstanding subsection (2)(a) of section 61, limited to the supply of the patented invention predominantly in Singapore by a Government department or a person authorised by a Government department under that section.

　　(2) The right to use a patented invention under section 61 may, on the application of any interested party, be terminated by the court, where the court is satisfied that the circumstances that gave rise to the right to use the patented invention have ceased to exist and are unlikely to recur.

　　(3) Except in a case to which section 65 applies, the right to use a patented invention under section 61 is subject to the Government department or the person authorised by a Government department under section 61 having first taken all reasonable steps to obtain the consent of the patentee to the use of the patented invention on reasonable commercial terms and conditions, and having failed to obtain such consent within a reasonable period of time.

　　65B.Duty to inform patentee.

　　(1) Where any use of a patented invention is made by or with the authority of a Government department under section 65 in situations of national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency, the Government department shall, as soon as reasonably practicable, inform the patentee of such use and in the case of public non-commercial use, the Government department shall inform the patentee promptly of such use.

　　(2) Where any use of a patented invention is made by or with the authority of a Government department under section 61, the Government department shall, as soon as practicable after the use of the patented invention has begun, notify and furnish the patentee with such information as to the extent of the use as the patentee may from time to time reasonably require.

　　(3) Nothing in subsection (2) shall require the Government department to notify or disclose information to the patentee if to do so would, or might reasonably be expected to, prejudice the security or defence of Singapore.

　　65C.Patentee entitled to remuneration.

　　Where an act is done under section 61, the Government shall pay such remuneration to the patentee as may be agreed, or as may be determined by a method agreed, between the Government and the patentee having regard to the economic value of the patented invention or as may, in default of agreement, be determined by the court under section 64.

　　Part XIII Infringement of Patents

　　66.Meaning of infringement.

　　(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, a person infringes a patent for an invention if, but only if, while the patent is in force, he does any of the following things in Singapore in relation to the invention without the consent of the proprietor of the patent:

　　(a) where the invention is a product, he makes, disposes of, offers to dispose of, uses or imports the product or keeps it whether for disposal or otherwise;

　　(b) where the invention is a process, he uses the process or he offers it for use in Singapore when he knows, or it is obvious to a reasonable person in the circumstances, that its use without the consent of the proprietor would be an infringement of the patent;

　　(c) where the invention is a process, he disposes of, offers to dispose of, uses or imports any product obtained directly by means of that process or keeps any such product whether for disposal or otherwise.

　　(2) An act which, apart from this subsection, would constitute an infringement of a patent for an invention shall not do so if

　　(a) it is done privately and for purposes which are not commercial;

　　(b) it is done for experimental purposes relating to the subject-matter of the invention;

　　(c) it consists of the extemporaneous preparation of a medicine for an individual in accordance with a prescription given by a registered medical or dental practitioner or consists of dealing with a medicine so prepared;

　　(d) it consists of the use of a product or process in the body or operation of a relevant aircraft, hovercraft or vehicle which has temporarily or accidentally entered or is crossing Singapore (including the air space above it and its territorial waters) or the use of accessories for such a relevant aircraft, hovercraft or vehicle;

　　(e) it consists of the use, exclusively for the needs of a relevant ship, of a product or process in the body of the ship or in its machinery, tackle, apparatus or other accessories, in a case where the ship has temporarily or accidentally entered the territorial waters of Singapore;

　　(f) it consists of the use of an exempted aircraft which has lawfully entered or is lawfully crossing Singapore as mentioned in paragraph (d) or of the importation into Singapore, or the use or storage, of any part or accessory for that aircraft; or

　　(g) it consists of the import, use, disposal or offer to dispose of, of any patented product, or of any product obtained by means of a patented process or to which a patented process has been applied, which is produced by or with the consent (conditional or otherwise) of the proprietor of the patent or any person licensed by him, and for this purpose "patent" includes a patent granted in any country outside Singapore in respect of the same or substantially the same invention as that for which a patent is granted under this Act and "patented product", "patented process" and "licensed" shall be construed accordingly.

　　(3) In this section, "relevant ship" and "relevant aircraft, hovercraft or vehicle" mean respectively a ship and an aircraft, hovercraft or vehicle registered in, or belonging to, any country other than Singapore which is a party to the Paris Convention; and "exempted aircraft" means an aircraft to which section 5 of the Air Navigation Act applies.

　　67.Proceedings for infringement of patent.

　　(1) Subject to this Part, civil proceedings may be brought in the court by the proprietor of a patent in respect of any act alleged to infringe the patent and (without prejudice to any other jurisdiction of the court) in those proceedings a claim may be made

　　(a) for an injunction restraining the defendant from any apprehended act of infringement;

　　(b) for an order for him to deliver up or destroy any patented product in relation to which the patent is infringed or any article in which that product is inextricably comprised;

　　(c) for damages in respect of the infringement;

　　(d) for an account of the profits derived by him from the infringement; and

　　(e) for a declaration that the patent is valid and has been infringed by him.

　　(2) The court shall not, in respect of the same infringement, both award the proprietor of a patent damages and order that he shall be given an account of the profits.

　　(3) The proprietor of a patent and any other person may by agreement with each other refer to the Registrar the question whether that other person has infringed the patent and on the reference, the proprietor of the patent may make any claim mentioned in subsection (1)(c) or (1)(e).

　　(4) In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires

　　(a) any reference to proceedings for infringement and bringing of such proceedings includes a reference to a reference under subsection (3) and the making of such a reference;

　　(b) any reference to a plaintiff includes a reference to the proprietor of the patent; and

　　(c) any reference to a defendant includes a reference to any other party to the reference.

　　(5) If it appears to the Registrar on a reference under subsection (3) that the question referred to him would more properly be determined by the court, he may decline to dea